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LASERASE TREATMENTS

Botulinum Frown Line Injections
Dermal Fillers Lips and Wrinkles
Facial Peels
Laser Hair Removal
Laser Tattoo Removal
Laser Treatment Veins
Fat Lipolysis

Microdermabrasion

Sclerotherapy Leg Veins
Medart Fraxel CO2 Resurfacing


Please note all photographs on this site with before and after shots this is the only change that occurred.

(i) the photographs show the result of the medical service performed on one person, and (ii) there is no guarantee that other persons will experience the same or a similar result.

Botulinum Frown Line Injections
Botox is a natural product from the Clostridium Botulinum bacteria. For over ten years it has been used to treat frown lines to give a more youthful and refreshed appearance.

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As we age our skin becomes less compliant and less able to stretch and bend. With use of the facial muscles the skin forms lines and wrinkles which become permanent. Botox will relax these muscles for 3 to 6 months, smoothing the skin and softening wrinkles. The treatment may then be repeated.


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Botox is an extremely safe treatment giving great results in just a week. The procedure involves a few superficial injections with a very small needle into the muscles causing the wrinkle or line. The local side effects immediately after treatment are minimal so it is possible to return immediately to work.

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Migraine sufferers often find their headaches reduce in frequency or go away completely with Botox.

Botox may be used to reduce sweating on the palms, soles and in the armpits.

Botox replaces an appearance of worry and anxiety with a calm, confident look.

Other sites for botox are around the nose mouth and neck.

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Dermal Fillers
Dermal fillers are a group of products that are used to "fill in" wrinkles. These comprise of natural substances made of collagen such as Zyderm, or cultured hyaluronic acids such as Restylane. These products are injected in tiny quantities into the skin directly under wrinkles in order to lift them up and fill the space below them, leaving the skin smooth.

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For very wrinkled skin we use Sculptra (Newfill) which uses small granules of polylactic acid a substance which stimulates the production of your own natural collagen reducing wrinkles and giving the cheeks a lift.

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Aquamid, a polyacrylamide gel, is the latest permanent filler which may be used for enhancing lips and filling deep wrinkles. It is necessary to have a temporary filler before using Aquamid to make sure the effect you get is one which you will like as the Aquamid is permanent.

As there are a choice of fillers available, each with their own advantages in specific situations, our expertly trained and experienced staff can advise on the most appropriate type for your skin to give you an even better appearance.

The products are very safe. Improvement in appearance is immediate. Most people will be able to return to work immediately after treatment, although some may experience slight redness (lasting for 24 hours) which may be covered with a waterbased makeup.

For a complete treatment of facial lines, a combination of fillers and Botox may be recommended. The dynamic lines of the bridge of the nose, forehead lines, "crows feet" and "bunny lines" are generally best treated with Botox. However, "smokers lines", "marionette lines", nasolabial folds and acne scars are generally best treated with fillers.

Treatments can be as comprehensive or as localised as you desire.

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Facial Peels
Your skin is a living organ made up of millions of cells. Every day thousands of cells die, fall off and are replaced by new cells from below. Unfortunately, as we age, this becomes a slower and more haphazard process, making your skin unable to shed dark blotches, sun damage, or a dull, lifeless complexion.

The function of a skin peel is to create an even controlled shedding of several layers of damaged cells. This exposes a new, fresh layer of skin with a more even colour and a smoother texture. In addition, the peel stimulates new cells to grow, thereby tightening the skin, which decreases winkling.

There are several types of peels, each using a different chemical to create its peeling effect. Light and medium depth peels use the chemicals Glycolic Acid, TCA (tricholoracetic acid) or a combination of chemicals such as ib the Jessner's peel. Your Laserase consultant can advise you on the most suitable peel for your skin type and the time frame of your schedule for recovery. Thus you may peel slowly over several peels spaced apart with little or no down time or elect to proceed with a deeper, one off peel and take 5 days off work.

If it is determined that you are a good candidate for this peel, some creams may be prescribed for you to use for a few weeks before your peel to prepare your skin for peeling.

WHAT CAN  PEELS ACHIEVE?

Peels can effectively improve many conditions, including:

  • dull, weathered skin
  • freckling
  • blotchy pigmentation, including that resulting from pregnancy
  • sun damage
  • fine wrinkling
  • shallow acne scars

Although one peel can significantly improve the appearance of the skin, some skin problems are deeper than others. It is possible that you may require more than one peel to achieve your best results.

HOW IS A PEEL PERFORMED?
Peels are performed  in our rooms. A solution containing the peel is applied to your skin. This is usually associated with 2-3 minutes of a burning sensation. This burning is so brief that most patients choose not to use any sedation or anaesthesia.

WHAT HAPPENS TO MY SKIN DURING A  PEEL?
When the peel  is applied to the skin, it causes the top layers of cells to dehydrate and peel off over a period of several days. When the old skin has peeled off, it exposes a new layer of undamaged skin which has a smoother texture and a more even colour.

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Laser Hair Removal

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Female chin 12 months after 6 treatments

We are using the Palomar SLP 1000 diode laser. This is one of the latest hair removal lasers available. It may be used on skin of any colour as well as on suntanned skin. Its long pulse length and dynamic cooling mean minimal redness after treatment.

Lasers remove hair by selectively heating the dark melanin in the hair without affecting the paler surrounding skin. The growth bulb in the follicle is effected by the heat thus reducing or eliminating future hair growth in that follicle. Permanent hair reduction is thus achieved, with any remaining hairs being finer and far less noticeable.

With a large spot size of 12mm, up to 50 hair follicles may be treated with each laser pulse. With rapid pulsing even large areas such as the back and legs may be treated. Bikini lines respond particularly well.

More than one treatment is needed as hair growth is cyclical. On average, a single treatment will lead to a reduction of 20%, two treatments one month apart will give around 50% reduction, and further treatments give further reductions.

NB. Prior to treatment it is a good idea to shave the area to be treated 2-3 days before as there is no advantage in heating hairs on the skin. Hair should not be waxed sooner than a month before treatment as if the roots are pulled out treatment will be less effective.

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Laser Tattoo Removal


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Professional Tattoo removed after 4 treatments over 6 months. (White area repigmented after 4 weeks of sun exposure) 

Decorative tattoos have a history dating back at least 5000 years. The desire to remove them has probably existed just as long. Removal is growing in popularity as 28% of the adult population under 30 have tattoos and with the fashion waning, the dissatisfaction rate with tattoos is up to 50%.

Early attempts to remove tattoos with dermabrasion, and CO2 lasers left behind scars. IPL or Intense Pulse Light machines also leave scars and so should not be used on tattoos. The advent of Q switched lasers has permitted tattoo removal with a very low risk of scarring (zero in one study of 40,000 cases). The Q-Switched Ruby and Nd:YAG lasers are the best systems for tattoo removal. At Laserase we use the Lambda Ruby laser and the latest Medlite C6 ND:YAG laser from Continuum Biomedical. The new Medlite C6, the only one in NSW, is very fast so can cost effectively remove large tattoos.

Tattoo ink is removed by using very short, high intensity pulses of light of specific wavelengths. The light passes through the skin, without damaging it, and is rapidly absorbed by the ink particles causing them to shatter to a size easily removal by macrophages. Macrophages, the body's garbage cells, carry the unwanted ink particles to the lymph nodes from where they are filtered out and excreted through the kidney.

The impact of the laser energy is like the snap of a rubber band so the majority of patients do not require any anaesthesia. On sensitive areas a surface anaesthetic called EMLA, or an injection of local anesthetic, may be used.

After treatment there is usually just 2 –3 days of swelling in the area which requires no special care other than an antiseptic moisturiser. Patients are able to go straight back to work and to shower.

On average professional tattoos require 8 -12 treatments, while amateur tattoos require 4-6, spaced 6 weeks apart. Cost depends on the size of the tattoo – usually around $195 per treatment.

These pictures show a biopsy of a tattoo under a microscope before and after treatment.

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The first arrow shows a fixed macrophage which holds the tattoo pigment under the skin. The tattoo particles are too large for the body's rubbish cells to remove.

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After treatment the particles are shattered into a sludge which the roving macrophages can eat up and transport to the lymph nodes for filtration into the circulation and excretion via the kidney.

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Professional tattoo removed after 8 treatments

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Lipolysis

Background
Pioneered by the French physician, Dr. Michel Pistor in 1952, Mesotherapy is a non-surgical, relatively painless injection technique with a broad range of applications. Mesotherapy promotes the body's circulatory, lymphatic, and immune system to create a biological response and reverse abnormal physiology.

At Laserase we use a technique called lipolysis whereby phosphatidyl choline, an extract of soya bean is injected into fat deposits to permanently brerakup the adipocytes (fat storage cells). It is not suitable for generalised obesity and does not atke the place of a diet or exercise regime. Nor will it remove large volumes (eg >500mls) of fat which are more suitably treated with liposcuction. It is good for localised pockets of fat such as under the chin, inner arms, love handles etc.
 

Method of Treatment
The phosphatidyl choline is combined with lignocaine 2% anaesthetic and injected via a small 27G needle directly into fat pockets every few centimetres over the are of excess fat. Depending on area to be treated typically 10 -20ml of solution may be injected.

The injections themselves are not particular painful but from a few hours after injection the realeased fat causes an inflammatory reaction leading to swelling, redness, pain, itching, bruising, discoloration and tenderness for up to 1 week.

The displaced fat is removed by th ebodies rubbish removal cells, called macrophages, and taken to the liver.

The final result of a treatment takes 3 months to manifest. 2-3 or more treatemtns may be needed. Benefits may persist for several years after the end of treatment, however, sometimes maintenance treatments may be required at 3 monthly intervals.

Cost of Treatments
Depending on area and condition to be treated each treatment may cost from $100-400

 

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Microdermabrasion

What is microdermabrasion?

ClairDerm microdermabrasion, sometimes called the 'lunch time peel' is a non-invasive, gentle process of using crystals accelerated onto the skin's surface to abrade layers of dead and damaged skin cells. On completion of the abrasive process, a vacuum suction whisks away the fired crystals and the unwanted abraded skin particles leaving your skin smoother, brighter, firmer and with a course of procedures blemish free.

What benefits can I expect to achieve through having ClairDerm procedures?
You will see an immediate visible result of youthful brilliance, and an illumination of dull and stressed looking skin even after the procedure of ClairDerm microdermabrasion. However a program will be advised depending on your skin's condition and aesthetic goals. A ClairDerm program helps maintain an even brighter, clearer, firmer and healthier looking skin. Typically a program will consist of 6 treatments every 2 weeks. Treatments costs $100 each or $500 for a package of 6.

How do I care for my skin after a ClairDerm Microdermabrasion?
ClairDerm microdermabrasion increases microcirculation, bringing nutrients to the skin and improves greatly the appearance of all imperfections. Regular ClairDerm procedures offer exceptional opportunities for skin with an increase in penetration of homecare creams and serums by 4 - 5 times more than skin not treated with ClairDerm. Your practitioner will recommend a professional cosmetic maintenance program, which will include an appropriate SPF30, a Ph balancing cleanser and a clinical strength, quality range of Vitamin A or HA home care products.

Why is the ClairDerm system better than conventional microdermabrasion?
ClairDerm microdermabrasion focuses on safety, hygiene, comfort and flexibility of procedure. Unlike conventional microdermabrasion ClairDerm allows your practitioner to offer you either a very gentle or a more powerful microdermabrasion procedure. ClairDerm microdermabrasion incorporates the highest industry standard for hygiene with all disposable consumer applicators.

How will the ClairDerm microdermabrasion procedure feel on my skin?
Your ClairDerm microdermabrasion procedure is hygienic, painless and safe, and the procedure can be customised for your special skin concerns, scheduled in between working hours without any inconvenience or immobilisation and on completion you can apply light makeup. Any slight redness you may experience depending on the strength of procedure chosen by your qualified practitioner will fade within one to twenty-four hours.

Are there any precautions that I must take while undergoing a ClairDerm microdermabrasion procedure?
It is recommended that you refrain from any invasive procedures if you are having a deeper ClairDerm microdermabrasion procedure unless advised by your practitioner. Waxing is not recommended 2 days prior to or for at least 7 days after the ClairDerm microdermabrasion procedure. We strongly advise against the use of sun beds and swimming in heavily chlorinated water for at least 2 weeks after the ClairDerm microdermabrasion procedure has been performed.

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Sclerotherapy Veins

What are Varicose Veins?
Veins can become enlarged with pools of blood when they fail to circulate the blood properly. These visible and bulging veins, called varicose veins, are often associated with symptoms such as tired, heavy, or aching legs. In severe cases, Varicose Veins can rupture, or open sores (called ulcers) can form on the skin. Varicose Veins are most common in the legs and thighs.

What are Spider Veins?
Small "spider veins" can also appear on the skin's surface as short, fine lines, "starburst" clusters or a web-like maze. Spider Veins are most common in the thighs, ankles, and feet. They may also appear on the face.

Who gets Varicose and Spider Veins ?
Varicose and Spider Veins can occur in men or women of any age but most frequently affect women of childbearing age and older. A family history of the problem and aging increase the likelihood.

What causes Varicose and Spider Veins?
The causes of varicose and spider veins are not entirely understood. In some instances, the absence or weakness of valves in the veins, which prevent the backward flow of blood away from the heart, may cause the poor circulation. In other cases, weakness in the vein walls may cause pooling of the blood. Less commonly varicose veins, are caused by diseases such as phlebitis or congenital abnormalities of the veins. Venous disease is generally progressive and cannot always be entirely prevented. However, in some cases, wearing support hosiery and maintaining normal weight and regular exercise may be beneficial.

What Treatments are available for Varicose and Spider Veins?
Large varicose veins often underlie spider veins. In such cases the varicose veins should be treated before the spider veins. There are two main treatments: Sclerotherapy and/or Surgery.

Pre-treatment: A diagnostic procedure prior to any treatment should be carried out. This is done by a Doppler Ultrasound and/or Duplex Ultrasound Imaging. These techniques will help to give a more precise diagnosis of any major superficial vein abnormality.

Varicose Veins may be treated by eliminating "bad veins". This forces the blood to flow through the remaining healthy veins. Most varicose veins can be treated by sclerotherapy. For larger incompetent veins Dr Rish injects the vein under ultrasound guidance to ensure the best possible result. Small surface veins do not require the ultrasound. All but the smallest vessels require the wearing of a support stocking for 2 weeks after the procedure.

Surgery to treat Varicose Veins is known as stripping and can be done under general anaesthetic or regional anaesthetic block. Here the problem vein is stripped by passing a flexible device through the vein and removing it through an incision near the groin. Smaller tributaries of these veins can be stripped with this device through a series of small incisions. The veins which connect to deeper veins are then tied off. A less invasive procedure is called ambulatory phlebectomy. In this procedure the sections of vein can removed at the Laserase clinic by using a vein hook and local anaesthetic.

Spider Veins cannot be removed through surgery. Sometimes, they disappear when the large varicose veins are removed. Spider veins are treated with "Sclerotherapy" .

"Sclerotherapy" uses a fine needle to inject a solution directly into the vein. This solution irritates the lining of the vein, causing collapse of the inner lining and ultimately the vein. The vein turns into scar tissue that fades from view. Following injection of the solution into larger vein, it is important to apply compression to the treated leg. This causes the collapsed vein wall to stick together. Post treatment of larger veins it is good to walk for 30 minutes to force the blood to flow into other veins and prevents blood clots.

Do the procedures hurt?
Following sclerotherapy the degree of pain depends on the person's general tolerance for pain, the solution injected and the size of the needle. Most people experience no more than a mild sensation of burning for several minutes following injection. Walking immediately after your treatment session will help to reduce this.

What are the side effects of the treatments?
Following sclerotherapy there may be a brown staining the skin. This is due to pigmentation (which is the scattering of blood cells throughout the tissue after the vein has been injected. This brown staining fades with time. The correct use of compression following treatment may help to reduce the amount of pigmentation. Depending on the skill of the operator and the concentration of the solution used, small ulcers can develop over the injection sites. Networks of fine red blood vessels may develop after sclerotherapy or surgery. Usually this means that further treatment is required. Deep vein thrombosis a clot in a deeper vein has been described as occurring in 1 in 7000 cases, however, with the weak solutions used in treating spider veins this is very unlikely to occur.

How long do the results last?
Many factors affect the rate at which treated veins recur These include diagnosis, the method used and its suitability for treating a particular condition, and the skill of the physician. An injected vein not completely destroyed by sclerotherapy may reopen, or a new vein may appear in the same location as the previous one. If your veins are a result of venous disease the recurrence may be possible as venous disease is typically progressive.

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Unsightly blue, red, and purple veins are a common problem. Until a few years ago, the only way to remove such veins was through surgery or uncomfortable injections with a "sclerosing" agent. At Laser Cosmedics we use the Palomar SLP1000 and the Iriderm Diolite 532nm lasers to remove unwanted veins comfortably without breaking the skin. These are among the most advanced medical lasers available. Among the vessels they can treat are:

Spider veins- tiny red, blue, or purple vessels that appear most frequently near the surface of the face and thighs;

Large leg veins- deeper, blue veins up to about 3 millimeters in diameter;

Telangectatic matting- reddish blotches of spider veins commonly found on the face and legs;

Spider naevi- branching, spider-like networks of minute capillaries near the skin's surface;

Cherry angiomas- reddish growths ranging from about 1-25 millimeters in diameter, and consisting of lymph and blood vessels;

Comfortable, Effective Treatments on all Skin Colours
Vascular lasers work by emitting pulses of energy to the unwanted vessels. This energy is absorbed by blood within the vessels, causing them to heat up and contract to the point where they become disabled. Once the vessels are disabled, they are eliminated by the natural processes of the body. This process may take up to 4 weeks after treatment to clear the vessels.

The Palomar SLP1000 SheerCool"' Handpiece
The tip of the SLP1000 handpiece is pressed lightly against the vessel or lesion being treated. The entire surface of the tip, including the laser beam window, is cooled to protect and soothe the skin during each laser pulse.

Iriderm Diolite 532nm
Has a much smaller tip than the Palomar. It has a wave length designed for treating small facial and upper body vessels.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does the Laser Hurt?
While you may feel a slight tingling sensation, most people tolerate the procedure very well. Because some areas of the body are more sensitive than others, however, you may choose to have EMLA cream applied 45 minutes before treatment to increase the comfort of the procedure.

How Long Does a Treatment Take?
Most areas take about 10 to 20 minutes. If the area treated is very large, of course, treatment may take longer. Multiple treatments are generally required. Some vessels may be very resistant, especially on the lower legs and may need other methods to clear completely.

How Many Treatments Will I Need?
This varies. Some veins and lesions will completely clear after one or two treatments, while others may require three treatments or more. Your physician will develop a treatment program that best fulfills your individual needs.

What Happens After the Procedure?
Most people will experience some slight swelling and redness for a few hours after treatment; other after-effects are rare. Veins or lesions may disappear immediately, fade gradually over two to six weeks, or require additional treatments. Results depend on the vessels treated, their location, your individual skin type, and the laser settings selected by the physician or technician.

How Will the Treatment Affect My Circulation?
Spider veins and most other vascular lesions that develop near the skin's surface are nonfunctional. By the time they develop, other veins nearby will have assumed any necessary functions. Removing non-functional veins and lesions does not inhibit circulation and may actually slightly improve it.

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Medart Fraxel CO2 Resurfacing Information

Looking "older" is an impression. The changes seen in your facial appearance are related not only to your chronological age, but to a variety of other influences. Genetic background, sun exposure, illness, smoking, lifestyle, etc. are influential factors in determining how old your face will look. The changes in facial appearance we loosely group together and call aging, is really a complex process involving not only your skin and hair, but the underlying fat, muscle, and support structures.

LASER RESURFACING
Laser resurfacing is a procedure which can produce dramatic results in those cases of aging where the most evident change is one of surface wrinkling or scarring. Laser resurfacing is most appropriate to treat superficial wrinkling. These sorts of changes are often produced by sun exposure, which may result in a skin pattern of very fine crosshatch or "cigarette papers wrinkling. The wrinkling around the mouth, sometimes called "smokers lines", and the wrinkles around the eyes, often called "crows feet", are some good examples of appropriate indications for this procedure. Acne scarring and scarring from injuries or previous surgeries, and a "weathered" appearance from cumulative sun exposures, are other conditions which tend to respond well to laser resurfacing.

The Medart Fraxel CO2 we use at Laserase is the newest generation of lasers. It allows allows a precise amount of surface to be removed with each pulse of laser energy. This allows the laser surgeon to cover the desired treatment area in a very controlled and predictable fashion. In essence, this procedure removes the uppermost layer of the skin--about 1/250 of a mm with each "pass" of the laser over the skin surface.

The ablative fractionated concept removes only small columns of skin leaving adjacent skin normal. This allows a fast <10day recovery of the skin compared with the older resurfacing CO2 lasers which took 4 weeks to recover. Asd not all the skin is remnoved a second treatment may be required 6 – 12 months later.

WHICH AREAS CAN BE TREATED?
To avoid creating a noticeable line of demarcation or an fledge effect" between a treated area and the rest of the face, the procedure should ideally be extended to cover the entire face if this is not possible, then at least an anatomical unit (the entire area around the mouth, an entire cheek, the area around the eye down to the cheek, etc.) should be treated. This is less of an important issue when considering the treatment of a single scar, or a surgical scar.

CAN ALL SKIN TYPES BE TREATED?
The results of the procedure are best in people with moderate sun damage, but can be used on most skin types. Those persons with dark skin or those patients who tan very well (eg. persons of Asian, Hispanic, African-American, and Indian backgrounds etc.) may experience significant darkening of the skin after the procedure. This darkness may last for as long as a year (an extreme case!) and in rare cases may even be permanent. It is very important for these patients to be attentive to using their SunScreen, and ny bleaching agents that are prescribed.

PRE-TREATMENT
Pre-treatment with topical medications may be an important necessary step in preparing the skin for the procedure especially if you have dark skin. The topical medications themselves should help create eye pleasing changes, and after the procedure will help to optimize the outcome.

TREATMENT
The procedure is done in our operating theatre at Laserase. The procedure takes about 1 hour. You will be given a facial nerve block which is a series of local anaesthetic injections to numb the area to be treated. If we are doing your whole face or you are particularly pain sensitive we can give light sedation. It is preferable to have someone pick you up after the procedure.

RECOVERY TIME POST RE-SURFACING
As the surface of the skin heals, in 3-10 days depending of the depth of injury, the collagen layer just under the surface undergoes a remodelling process. Delicate new fibres of collagen and elastic form a net of scaffold, over which new skin develops. Over time, usually a few days or weeks (or even months in the case of deeper injury) any residual swelling and redness from the procedure subsides, and the skin surface appears smoother and more youthful looking. Typically you might be treated on a Friday afternoon and be ready to go back to work the following Monday week.

AFTER CARE
Immediately after the procedure the skin surface will be pink and sensitive (or even raw oozing and crusted in the case of deeper injuries) for 3-10 days, again depending on depth, and requires careful attention to wound healing and dressings. Ice bags should be applied every half hour to reduce discomfort and minimise swelling. This is especially important during the first 2-3 days, and can make a significant difference in your discomfort post-operatively.

Clear, plain Vaseline/petrolatum/special lubricants should be applied to lubricate the surface after the procedure. DO NOT LET THE SKIN DRY OUT OR FORM A CRUST!!

Most patients will create a new skin surface in about 3-7 days. Think of it like a superficial/moderate burn or a scrape from a fall. Redness in the treatment area may last for a few weeks (2-4 usually), but rnay last for as long as 2-3 months in some individuals who have had deeper treatment. The deeper the injury necessary to accomplish the goal of tightening the skin, the greater the risk of prolonged redness. (Persistent redness is more likely to occur if we also use the carbon dioxide laser.)

SIDE EFFECTS
Mild/moderate discomfort is to be expected. The "sunburn like feeling is usually manageable with the use of the above mentioned specialised dressings, but oral analgesics may be taken, if necessary. Be sure to have these, and all other necessary medications (see additional instruction list) handy, before the procedure. It is important to follow all the necessary instructions for your health and safety, and to strive for the best possible results. PLEASE BE PREPARED!! It will make the experience smoother for you.

Apparent enlargement of pore size, due to surrounding skin shrinkage, has been occasionally noted in some patients. Mild sensitivity and fragility of the skin may persist in some patients for a few weeks/months. It is important to not pick or scratch at the skin during the healing phase to minimise crust formation and the risk of scarring. Sun protection is essential for all patients to minimise further skin damage, reduce the risk of persisting redness, and minimise the risk of excessive or irregular darkening in the skin.

One of the most difficult emotional times for you will occur the first day or so after the procedure, when you look at the wound andecome frightened that you have made a dreadful mistake. Try to understand that this is a normal response Everyone has some degree of fear and anxiety when it comes to their facial appearance. The second difficult time will come about 1-2 weeks later, when you have pretty much recovered, but you become alarmed that your face actually looks "worse" than it did before the procedure. This is also normal. Much of the benefit appears over the coming months as new collagen is deposited under the skin and the skin begins to remodel its structure.

HOW LONG DO THE BENEFITS LAST?
The procedure may be repeated in six months to one year if the results are less than optimal after the initial treatment (best looked at critically in 4-5 months; repeat treatment usually done sooner after a very superficial treatment and later after a deeper one; also dependent on the particular condition treated). We have seen patients continue to improve for as long as 18 months after the procedure so please try to be patient. The results "last" forever, in the sense that while the aging process is dynamic, much of the ld damage has been removed and you are starting out at a "new level". With proper attention to sun protection and continued use of proper topical products, the results will be enjoyed for many many years. No procedure can completely eliminate ALL the aging, wrinkling, or scarring that exists on a patient's skin. The intent of the procedure is to provide truly significant improvement. Certainly, this is a subjective matter, and it is important to understand that judgment of benefit can differ between patient and doctor. Pre-op and post-op photos will be taken. These photos may be used by Dr Rish for both scientific and promotional reasons. If they are to be published it would only be with your permission, or in a way in which you could not be identified.

POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS
Permanent scarring, increased or decreased skin colour and persistent tightness around the mouth and eye have all been reported as rare complications of this procedure. Scarring of most types can be managed in a number of ways using traditional scar treatments. Reaction to anaesthetics, bleeding and infection are also rare possible occurrences Another very rare complication wherein the lower eyelid pulls away from the eye (ectropion) can also occur. This could possibly need a corrective surgery to repair the lower lid. This has only happened with the carbon dioxide laser when used on patients who have had previous eyelid surgery wherein skin was removed.

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